Hi guys, Welcome to the Advanced Video Search Engine, and you are watching 💯 What are Enzymes and Why are they Important to Biological Systems?. That video is uploaded by iitutor.com at 2015-12-19T03:10:33-08:00. We are promoting this video only for entertainment and educational purpose only. So, I hope you like & enjoy it. [w86jtZtiXJY]
| Name | 💯 What are Enzymes and Why are they Important to Biological Systems? |
| Video Uploader | Video From iitutor.com |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 19-12-2015 11:10:33 |
| Video Discription | 📢 Receive Comprehensive Mathematics Practice Papers Weekly for FREE 😊 Click this link to get: ▶️▶️▶️ https://iitutor.com/email-list/ ◀️◀️◀️ Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our cells. Almost all enzymes are proteins that are synthesised (made) in cells. Enzymes help catalyse most reactions that take place in our body. There are over 3000 enzymes in the human body that are found in body cells, in tissues and organs. Plants, Fungi and Bacteria also have a wide range of enzymes that humans do not produce, and some that offer benefits. Benefits include aiding our digestive system, or decomposing organic materials extremely valuable in every ecosystem. Humans use microorganisms (microscopic living things) by adding them to sewage treatment plants, where their enzymes facilitate in breaking down the toxic hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Enzymes bind with substances called substrates at an active site to be broken down into products. Substrates → Products. Enzymes can be used over and over again, so only small quantities of them are required in a cell. Enzymes can be extremely specific in their reaction as they have a specific shape with a unique active site. Often enzymes will only bind with one particular type of bond which limits the substrates they can bind to, other substrates will not fit in their active site. The substrate enters the active site and binds with the enzyme through weak, non-covalent bonds, thus forming the enzyme-substrate complex. The substrate will induce a complementary shape at the active site to enable a more complete fit, this strengthens the binding between enzyme and substrate. Once products are completed, the enzyme will dissociate from the substrate and changes back to its original shape, ready for more substrates. The shape and chemistry of an enzyme will dictate what substrate it will bind with. An enzyme can catalyse a reaction again and again, as long as the environmental conditions remain favourable. Research has shown enzymes have varying degrees of specificity. Some enzymes have absolute specificity for one substrate and no others, while other enzymes react with substrates with similar functional groups or side groups on a chain. When the substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, weak interactions are formed that cause the enzyme to change shape and fit around the substrate more tightly forming an enzyme-substrate complex. After the reaction has finished the enzyme active site no longer holds the molecules tightly and releases them. For enzymes to be functioning properly they need to be synthesised correctly. When they are made in cells they need to be folded or shaped into a more complex structure. Enzymes catalyse reactions both inside (intracellular) and outside (extracellular) of cells. Intracellular enzymes speed up metabolic reactions. Extracellular cells aid in digestion, outside of cells. What is fascinating about enzymes is that they do not catalyse a reaction in only one direction. As a general rule, an enzyme is named by taking the substrate the substrate it acts upon and attaching the suffix ‘use. Examples that do not fit in this category include the enzymes; Pepsin and Trypsin. Pepsin is released in the stomach and breaks down proteins into peptides, whilst trypsin that is produced by the pancreas breaks peptides into amino acids. Amylase, produced in saliva in the mouth, breaks down starches from food into sugar. Lactase – breaks down lactose sugar (present in milk) into galactose and glucose. Metabolic enzymes are found in every cell in our body. Are named depending on what group they are acting on. Proteases are enzymes that break down protein foods into amino acids. ATPase – another important enzyme used in every living cell. ATPase works by removing a phosphate group from ATP in our muscles, thus releasing energy that we are able to use – such as sprinting. w86jtZtiXJY |
| Category | Education |
| Tags | Enzymes | Metabolic enzymes | galactose | Lactase | Trypsin | Pepsin | yt:cc=on | Proteases |
