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| Name | What are Carbohydrates? What are its different Types? |
| Video Uploader | Video From Free Animated Education |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 07-04-2021 15:00:07 |
| Video Discription | Carbohydrates and their Types We encounter many kinds of carbohydrates in our daily lives from bread to starch in our clothes and even rice. Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of elements like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are present in the same ratio, that is, 2:1. Carbohydrates mainly come from plants and are a good source of energy for the body. There are three main types of carbohydrates; these are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The monosaccharides have a simple chemical composition and therefore known as simple sugars. Examples of them are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides are also known as complex sugars as they have complex chemical compositions and maltose, lactose, and sucrose are their examples. Polysaccharides are the most chemically complex carbohydrates and examples include starch and cellulose. The sugar glucose is one of the simplest forms of sugar and has the chemical formula C6H12O6. The generalized formula for carbohydrates is CnH2mOm. In the case of glucose, n=6, and m is also equal to six. But in sucrose, n=12 and m=11, and hence its formula is C12H22O11. There are other substances that are slightly modified carbohydrates, such as the chitin of the arthropod skeleton. There are many functions of carbohydrates, such as they are a source of energy, they form supporting structures, for example, cellulose cell walls in plants. They are also used to make other organic compounds like amino acids and fats. Nucleic acids like DNA are also formed by carbohydrates as well as lubricants like mucus can also be synthesized. Another fascinating function of carbohydrates is that they are also used to produce the nectar in some flowers. Types of Sugars Sugars are sweet crystal-like compounds that dissolve easily in water. Two types of sugars can be distinguished; Monosaccharides The most common monosaccharides have six carbon atoms, with the general formula C2H12O6. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides that differ only in details of the arrangement of the various atoms within the molecule which give them different chemical and biological properties. Glucose also known as grape sugar is found, at least in small quantities, in all animals. Fructose is commonly present in plants, but absent in animals. Galactose is a component of lactose and is formed when this is digested. Disaccharides Disaccharides are complex in structure because each molecule is made up of two molecules of simple sugars condensed together. The most common types of disaccharides – sucrose, lactose, and maltose – have 12 carbon atoms, with the general formula C12H12O11. The difference in the disaccharides is again due to the different atomic arrangements within the molecule. Sucrose, also known as cane sugar, occurs in sugarcane stems, sweet fruits, and certain storage roots, for example, carrots. It consists of a glucose and a fructose molecule combined together. It is not found in mammals. Lactose, also known as milk sugar is commonly found in the milk, as the name suggests. It is found in milk of all mammals, including humans, and even in some similar fluids such as pigeon’s ‘milk’. It is formed from glucose and galactose combined together. Maltose also known as malt sugar is present in malted cereals and sprouting grains. It is formed from the partial digestion of starch and is a combination of two glucose molecules. As mentioned before, the formation of one molecule of disaccharide requires two molecules of simple sugars. Each of these reactions results in a loss of a water molecule and such a reaction is known as a Condensation Reaction. Condensation is a chemical reaction whereby two simple molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule with the removal of one molecule of water. On the other hand, when a disaccharide is heated with acids or treated it with a suitable enzyme, it breaks down to form monosaccharides. In this reaction, water is added and thus this reaction is called hydrolysis. A reaction whereby a water molecule is added on to split up a complex molecule into its component units is known as hydrolysis or a hydrolytic reaction. A sucrose solution, a disaccharide, can be hydrolyzed to form glucose and fructose, two monosaccharides. Similarly, we can hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose, using the enzyme lactase, and maltose can be hydrolyzed glucose using the enzyme maltase. 🚨 HASHTAGS: #FreeAnimatedEducation #FAE #Carbohydrates Timestamp: 00:00 Carbohydrates and Their Functions 00:55 Three types of carbohydrates 01:01 Monosaccharides 01:28 Disaccharides 02:45 Condensation reaction 02:57 Hydrolytic reaction 03:12 Polysaccharides IJUwdIups9o |
| Category | Education |
| Tags | Free Animated Education | Darul Arqam Studio | Carbohydrates | what are carbohydrates | carbon and its compounds | monosaccharides | monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides | types of carbohydrates | what is chemistry |
