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| Name | Genomic imprinting: It takes two to make it outta sight |
| Video Uploader | Video From The Genetic Basis of Stuff and Things |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 20-04-2021 07:15:57 |
| Video Discription | A review of: Influence of paternally imprinted genes on development. Barton SC, Ferguson-Smith AC, Fundele R, Surani MA. Development. 1991 Oct;113(2):679-87. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Genetics_Stuff OTHER VIDEOS YOU MIGHT LIKE: • Histone post-translational modification drives position-effect variegation (Ng et al., 2003) - https://youtu.be/q7fvEToMGro • The discovery of cyclins, the regulators of cell division (Evans et al., 1983) - https://youtu.be/1_EVhstBnr4 • Ribosomes know why the genetic code is non-overlapping (Brenner, 1957) - https://youtu.be/xoyTfsQZtVY Imprinting is the epigenetic process of silencing genes. When you inherit chromosomes, some of these genes will be silenced through methylation, wherein methyl groups attach to the cytosine in DNA and lock it up so the genes that have been methylated cannot be expressed. In 1991 Surani and colleagues aimed to find out how paternally imprinted genomes affected development of mouse embryos. They carried out the experiment by first transplanting androgenone inner cell mass into normal mouse blastocysts; these added cells only had paternally imprinted genes. The reciprocal experiment involved transplanting gynogenone inner cell mass, adding cells with maternally imprinted genes. The development of the embryos was influenced by the imprinting that had been added. Chimeric embryos containing both androgenone and normal cells had up to a 50% increase in growth, and the androgenone cells had a greater contribution to the development of the heart and skeletal muscle than normal cells but did not contribute as greatly to the brain’s development. Chimeric embryos containing both gynogenone and normal cells were the opposite, with a 50% decrease in growth and the gynogenone cells did not contribute much to skeletal muscle, but did contribute greatly to brain development. These studies showed that a balance of maternally and paternally imprinted genes is essential to healthy development. Although genes had already been found that connected imprinting to growth regulation, this study was among the first to definitively link growth regulation to imprinting by investigating cells with only paternally imprinted genes. This study’s definitive findings helped to set up significant future studies that further confirmed the important role of imprinting in development. Creator: Benedict Findlay References: Bartolomei, M.S., and S. M. Tilghman, 1997 Genomic imprinting in mammals. Annual Review of Genetics 31: 493-520. Barton, S.C., A. C. Ferguson-Smith, R. Fundele and M.A. Surani, 1991 Influence of paternally imprinted genes on development. Development 113: 679-087. Feinberg, A. P., 1993 Genomic imprinting and gene activation in cancer. Nature Genetics 4: 110-113. Ferguson-Smith, A.C., 2011 Genomic imprinting: the emergence of an epigenetic paradigm. Nature Reviews Genetics 12: 560-575. Keverne, E. B., R. Fundele, M. Narasimha, S. C. Barton, and M.A. Surani, 1996 Genomic imprinting and the differential roles of parental genomes in brain development. Developmental Brain Research 92: 91-100. Moore, L. D., T. Le, and G. Fan, 2012 DNA methylation and its basic function. Neuropsychopharmacology 38: 23-38. Tada, T., M. Tada, K. Hilton, S. C. Barton, T. Sado et al., 1998 Epigenotype switching of imprintable loci in embryonic germ cells. Development Genes and Evolution 207: 551-561. Thamban T., V. Agarwaal, and S. Khosla, 2020 Role of genomic imprinting in mammalian development. Journal of Biosciences 45: 20. Tucci, V., A. R. Isles, G. Kelsey and A. C. Ferguson-Smith, 2019 Genomic imprinting and physiological processes in mammals. Cell 176: 952-965. Yufeng, L, and H. Sasaki, 2011 Genomic imprinting in mammals: its life cycle, molecular mechanisms and reprogramming. Cell Research 21: 466-473. flfub73YpIM |
| Category | Science & Technology |
| Tags | chaimera | chaimeras | chimeric embryos | imprinting | epigenetic process of silencing genes | epigenetic silencing of genes | methylation | sex-specific | maternally imprinted genes | paternally imprinted genomes | androgenone | gynogenone | balance of maternally and paternally imprinted genes | Sheila C. Barton | Anne C. Ferguson-Smith | Reinald Fundele | M. Azim Surani |
