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| Name | Abiotic Factors in Ecosystems – Sunlight |
| Video Uploader | Video From Next Generation Science |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 27-12-2021 23:26:11 |
| Video Discription | #ecosystems #ngscience #abiotic Abiotic Factors – Sunlight Sunlight is an important abiotic factor that affects all ecosystems as it provides the energy needed by plants for photosynthesis. As the Earth is spherical in shape, the amount of sunlight striking the Earth differs with distance from the equator. At the equator, sunlight strikes the surface of the Earth the most directly. Ecosystems in areas near the equator often contain the greatest diversity of plants and animals and other organisms. At the poles of the Earth, sunlight is spread over a wider area. Ecosystems in these areas receive less direct sunlight and there is less diversity of organisms. The Earth’s tilt on its axis as it orbits the Earth causes seasons. As the seasons change, areas near the poles experience great variability in the amount of sunlight they receive. There are more hours of daylight in summer and fewer hours of daylight in winter. The changes in the hours of daylight (and temperature) affect the life patterns of many organisms. Decreasing hours of daylight means winter is approaching. This may trigger plants to begin to lose their leaves. Animals may begin to move to warmer places. Increasing hours of daylight indicates the end of winter and the start of spring. Ecosystems change as plants regrow their leaves and animals reproduce. Ecosystems – Biotic and Abiotic Factors The living components of an ecosystem and the ways in which they affect the environment around them are called biotic factors. Biotic factors include the plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in an ecosystem. In a temperate forest ecosystem, a biotic factor such as the number of tall trees may affect the availability of shelter for birds and small mammals. The different types of animals interact with each other when they compete for resources such as food and water. The non-living components in an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. The abiotic factors include all of the things that enable the biotic factors to survive in the environment. Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, temperature and soil. The abiotic and biotic factors can be very different in different ecosystems. In all ecosystems, the interactions of the biotic and abiotic factors make the ecosystem function. If there are changes in the biotic or abiotic factors, the whole ecosystem may change as a result. Abiotic Factors – Water Water is essential to all life on Earth. The availability of clean, fresh water has a large influence on the components of an ecosystem. Plants need water to make food during photosynthesis. Plants also use water to transport food and minerals to all parts of the plant. The amount of water in an ecosystem therefore affects the abundance and diversity of plants in an ecosystem. Generally, ecosystems with high precipitation in the form of rain will support a greater diversity of organisms. In a rainforest, it rains all year round. A great diversity of plants, animals and fungi thrive in these moist conditions. In deserts and tundras, there is much less water available. Organisms in these ecosystems often have adaptations to survive with little water. All animals need water to survive. Water is used for the transportation of nutrients and oxygen, temperature regulation and the removal of wastes. Most animals get the water they need by drinking water. Some animals get water from the food they eat. In some ecosystems, animals live in bodies of fresh water such as streams, rivers, lakes and ponds. Water can also play an important role in the reproduction of many insects and amphibians. Abiotic Factors – Temperature Ecosystems on Earth can be very different in terms of temperature and this can have a large influence on biotic factors. Most organisms require a stable temperature. In ecosystems around the equator, the temperature does not change much from day to night or throughout the year. The diversity of plants and animals in these areas is often high. In ecosystems further from the equator, there can be large differences in temperature from day to night and as the seasons change. Fewer plants and animals in these areas can survive in the fluctuating temperatures. Ecosystems around the poles of the Earth are very cold all year round. Few plants can survive in these areas. Abiotic Factors – Soil and Minerals Soil covers most of the Earth’s land. Soil is a combination of weathered rock, minerals and humus. Humus is organic material formed by the breaking down of dead plants and animals by microorganisms. Between the soil particles are spaces called pores that hold water and air. Soil also contains microorganisms and may contain animals such as worms and insects. In ecosystems, soil is an important abiotic factor for plants. Plant roots grow into the soil which hold them in place. Plants also take in water and minerals from the soil. Some animals, such as earthworms, live in soil. rTtKAVxIViY |
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