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Types of Fungal Infections
A. Ringworms (Tinea infection): It is not caused by a worm but is named so as it causes ring-shaped lesions on the skin.
Cause: Fungi of the genera Trichophyton, and epidermophyton.
Spread: Direct skin to skin contact with infected person.
Signs and symptoms: Red, circular ring-shaped patches on the skin along with itching.
Tinea infection can develop on different parts of the body and has different names as per the part affected. These are given below:
1. Tinea Cruris: Ringworm infection on skin in groin area.
Mode of spread: from direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or through use of fungus- infected objects like towels, clothes, etc.
Signs and symptoms: Red rash on the groin area, inner thighs, genitals, and buttocks. Small blisters may appear along the margins of the rash. Itching, pain and burning in the lesions along with flakiness and cracks may also be present.
2. Tinea Pedis/Athlete’s Foot: It affects feet, especially the area between toes
Mode of Spread: Sharing of shoes/socks of an infected person or taking shower barefoot. Wearing tightly fitted shoes and excessive sweating on the feet increase the risk.
Signs and symptoms: Rawness, cracking, peeling of skin area on feet; blisters; burning, stinging, itching in the lesions can attend.
3. Tinea capitis: This ringworm infection affects the scalp.
Spread: Direct contact with an infected person or from using objects like caps, combs, hair brushes, pillows carrying ringworm infection.
Signs and Symptoms: Red, itchy patches on the scalp; pustules, crusty eruptions on the scalp along with discharge; heavily tangled hair. The scalp also feels painful, and brittle hair or bald patches on the scalp may also be present.
4. Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis): Nail Fungus commonly affecting toenails
Mode of Spread: Mostly contracted through use of communal showers (group of single showers in a sinlge room or common area) and swimming pools, foot tubs, filers and other tools contaminated by fungi.
Signs and symptoms: Thick nails, whitish/grayish, yellowish – brownish discoloration of nails, brittle/ crumbled/ distorted nails, breaking of the nails and pain that gets worse by pressure or wearing shoes.
5. Tinea Barbae: Ringworm infection of the beard, mustache area of the face and the neck.
Mode of Spread: Sharing personal articles like shaving razors, towel of an infected person, etc.
Signs and Symptoms: Pimples, pustules, swelling, and redness of the infected area. Oozing of fluid, pus or blood, itching and pain in the lesions and crusting of the infected area may be present.
6. Tinea Corporis– Ringworm on the body
Spread: Direct contact with an infected person or pet animal; sharing objects like clothing or bed sheets can also spread the infection.
Signs and symptoms: Ring-shaped or circular shaped lesions on skin—skin in the middle of the rash is clear and healthy-looking. The rash is itchy, and blisters can appear at the edges of the lesion. In some cases, the ring-shaped lesions multiply and merge.
B. Tinea Versicolor also named Pityriasis Versicolor
This type of fungal infection occurs when fungus malassezia grows extensively on the skin. Discolored patches appear on skin that may be light or dark, as compared to the surrounding skin. Mild itching and scaling can occur too. The main affected areas are chest, back, shoulders, neck and upper arms.
C. Candida Infection
Candida Albicans is a type of fungi present in the human body in a small amount.
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