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#death #dangerous #braineatingamoeba
Naegleria fowleri continues to be a public health concern, especially in regions with warm freshwater bodies. Public awareness and preventive measures are crucial to minimizing the risk of infection.
There have been recent reports of new cases of infections caused by Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as the "brain-eating amoeba." In Kerala, India, a 14-year-old boy from Payyoli was diagnosed with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, marking the fourth such case in the state since May 2024. This amoeba typically thrives in warm, freshwater environments and can cause a fatal brain infection if water containing the amoeba enters the body through the nose .
In Israel, a 26-year-old man died from the same infection after swimming at Gai Beach in Tiberias. This is the second-ever reported case in the country. The patient exhibited symptoms such as fever, headache, and vomiting, which rapidly progressed to severe neurological issues before the diagnosis was confirmed .
These cases highlight the importance of taking precautions, such as avoiding swimming in warm freshwater bodies, especially those not properly maintained or treated, and using nose clips to prevent water from entering the nasal passages.
Naegleria fowleri, often referred to as the "brain-eating amoeba," is a free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater and soil. It causes a rare but often fatal brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Here is a brief history and key facts about Naegleria fowleri:
### Discovery and Initial Cases
- **1965**: Naegleria fowleri was first identified by Dr. M. Fowler and Dr. R. F. Carter in Australia. They isolated the amoeba from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients who had died from meningitis [[❞]]
### Epidemiology
- **Geographic Distribution**: Naegleria fowleri is found worldwide, particularly in warm freshwater environments such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. It thrives in temperatures between 35°C and 46°C (95°F and 115°F). Cases have been reported in North America, Australia, and Europe, among other regions.
- **Infection Rates**: Despite its presence in many environments, infections are extremely rare. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports fewer than 10 cases per year on average .
### Notable Outbreaks and Cases
- **1970s**: The first reported cases in the United States occurred, drawing attention to the dangers of the amoeba in warm freshwater.
- **1980s-1990s**: Cases continued to be reported sporadically, with significant outbreaks in the United States and other countries. Public health efforts focused on educating people about the risks associated with warm freshwater activities.
- **2000s**: Improved diagnostic techniques and increased awareness led to better reporting and understanding of the disease, although the number of cases remained low.
- **Recent Cases**: The amoeba continues to cause occasional fatalities. In 2013, a 4-year-old boy in Louisiana contracted the amoeba from a slip-n-slide, and in 2016, a young woman in South Carolina died after exposure to contaminated water during a church trip.
### Transmission and Pathogenesis
- **Entry**: The amoeba typically enters the body through the nose when individuals swim or dive in warm freshwater. It then travels to the brain, causing PAM.
- **Symptoms**: Initial symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting, which can progress to stiff neck, confusion, seizures, and hallucinations. The disease progresses rapidly, often leading to death within a week.
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