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| Name | Biological Succession - More Grades 9-12 Science on Harmony Square |
| Video Uploader | Video From Harmony Square - Educational Videos & Activities |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 12-11-2019 02:57:43 |
| Video Discription | Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades (for example, after a wildfire), or even millions of years after a mass extinction. The community begins with relatively few pioneering plants and animals and develops through increasing complexity until it becomes stable or self-perpetuating as a climax community. The "engine" of succession, the cause of ecosystem change, is the impact of established organisms upon their own environments. A consequence of living is the sometimes subtle and sometimes overt alteration of one's own environment. It is a phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes following a disturbance or the initial colonization of a new habitat. Succession may be initiated either by formation of new, unoccupied habitat, such as from a lava flow or a severe landslide, or by some form of disturbance of a community, such as from a fire, severe windthrow, or logging. Succession that begins in new habitats, uninfluenced by pre-existing communities is called primary succession, whereas succession that follows disruption of a pre-existing community is called secondary succession. Succession was among the first theories advanced in ecology. Ecological succession was first documented in the Indiana Dunes of Northwest Indiana and remains at the core of ecological science. Successional dynamics beginning with colonization of an area that has not been previously occupied by an ecological community, such as newly exposed rock or sand surfaces, lava flows, newly exposed glacial tills, etc., are referred to as primary succession. The stages of primary succession include pioneer microorganisms, plants (lichens and mosses), grassy stage, smaller shrubs, and trees. Animals begin to return when there is food there for them to eat. When it is a fully functioning ecosystem, it has reached the climax community stage. Successional dynamics following severe disturbance or removal of a pre-existing community are called secondary succession. Dynamics in secondary succession are strongly influenced by pre-disturbance conditions, including soil development, seed banks, remaining organic matter, and residual living organisms. Because of residual fertility and pre-existing organisms, community change in early stages of secondary succession can be relatively rapid. Secondary succession is much more commonly observed and studied than primary succession. Particularly common types of secondary succession include responses to natural disturbances such as fire, flood, and severe winds, and to human-caused disturbances such as logging and agriculture. In secondary succession, the soils and organisms need to be left unharmed so there is a way for the new material to rebuild. Unlike secondary succession, these types of vegetation change are not dependent on disturbance but are periodic changes arising from fluctuating species interactions or recurring events. These models modify the climax concept towards one of dynamic states. Succession initiated with establishment of the pioneer communities in a wet area is termed hydrarch succession and the succession stages are hydrosere and halosere. Hydrosere: When succession starts in the fresh water ecosystem like ponds, pools, lakes and marshes. Halosere: When it start in saline water ecosystem, for example- mangroves, coral reefs. Succession in the pond begins by colonization by the pioneers like the phytoplankton and finally terminates into a forest, which is climax community. The whole process of succession of the hydrosere is further subdivided into a number of sub stages depending on the kind of organism dominating a stage. RrYGNTYwHA0 |
| Category | Education |
| Tags | Learning | Videos | Channel | biological succession | ecosytem | biotic | components | seral | seral stages | primary succession | weathering | vegetation | secondary succession | volcanoe | forest fire | deforestation | pioneer community | climax community | controlled succession | natural process |
